Boundary conditions for heavy metals at the air-sea interface
Dehairs, F.A.; Dedeurwaerder, H.; Dejonghe, M.; Decadt, G.; Gillain, G.; Baeyens, W.F.J.; Elskens, I. (1982). Boundary conditions for heavy metals at the air-sea interface, in: Nihoul, J.C.J. et al. (Ed.) Geconcerteerde Onderzoeksacties Interuniversitaire Actie Oceanologie: eindverslag 1. Hydrodynamic and dispersion models, boundary fluxes and boundary conditions = Actions de Recherche Concertées Action Interuniversitaire Océanologie: rapport final 1. Hydrodynamic and dispersion models, boundary fluxes and boundary conditions. pp. 223-242
In: Nihoul, J.C.J.; Wollast, R. (Ed.) (1982). Geconcerteerde Onderzoeksacties Interuniversitaire Actie Oceanologie: eindverslag 1. Hydrodynamic and dispersion models, boundary fluxes and boundary conditions = Actions de Recherche Concertées Action Interuniversitaire Océanologie: rapport final 1. Hydrodynamic and dispersion models, boundary fluxes and boundary conditions. Programmatie van het Wetenschapsbeleid: Brussel. 257 pp., meer
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| Auteurs | | Top |
- Dehairs, F.A., meer
- Dedeurwaerder, H., meer
- Dejonghe, M.
- Decadt, G.
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- Gillain, G.
- Baeyens, W.F.J., meer
- Elskens, I.
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| Abstract |
During 1980 and 1981 the aerosol burden as well as the wet and dry atmospheric fall-out of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe and Mn to the sea have been studied in the Belgian coastal area. Atmospheric Cu, Zn and Cd are observed to be introduced into the sea mainly by wet fall-out, while Fe, Mn and also Pb have a dry and wet fall-out of similar magnitude. Of these elements, Cu, Zn and Cd have the highest washout factors. Furthermore, for all elements, excepted Mn, discrepancies exist between washout factors above land and sea, with values up to 5 times larger above the sea.On the scale of the North Sea, atmospheric fall-out of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd exceeds by one order of magnitude the combined input of the rivers Scheldt, Rhine and Meuse, while fall-out of Fe and Mn is of similar magnitude as river input. As concerns the Belgian coastal area, fall-out of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd is still larger than, but remains within one order of magnitude of the input of the river Scheldt. Here, Fe-inputs are of similar magnitude, while fall-out of Mn is 10 times smaller than river input. In this coastal region, characterized by a large residual flow of water coming from the Channel, the total annual input of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd from the atmosphere and the river Scheldt represents only from 0,8 (Pb) to 3,4% (Zn) of the annual flow-through of these heavy metals. Furthermore, it is observed that measured enrichments of the sea-surface microlayer, as sampled with the screen method, can support out-fluxes of heavy metals to the atmosphere wich are only<0,1% of the atmospheric fall-out to the sea. |
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