Hydrostatic pressure and the experimental toxicology of marine fishes: the elephant in the room
Lemaire, B. (2017). Hydrostatic pressure and the experimental toxicology of marine fishes: the elephant in the room. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 124(1): 206-210. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.025
Hydrostatic pressure (HP) increases linearly with depth in aquatic environments, so that many fish species routinely experience moderate-to-high HP levels (i.e., from a few to dozens of MPa). Biological effects of this thermodynamic variable are evidenced by a reduced functionality of many biomolecular systems, even in barotolerant and barophilic species. It is likely that environmentally-relevant HP levels (i.e., above atmospheric) could also modulate the responsiveness to and toxic effects of pollutants in fish. Still, only a few laboratories have investigated this possibility. The already-published ecobarotoxicological studies have brought strong support to the notion that HP can indeed modulate pollutant response in shallow-water and deep-sea animals. A careful reassessment of toxicity responses is therefore required. To quantify the exact influence of HP in marine fish toxicology, a research framework is proposed that should ensure the collection of meaningful data for risk assessment, using standard toxicity testing and mechanistic approaches.
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