In finfish mariculture, seed production and larval rearing still form the bottleneck for all ongrowing operations and are considered as the main limiting factor for industrial development. Through trial and error more than through biological understanding two opposite hatchery techniques have been developed which surprisingly control a multiparametric combination of different factors but aspire to the same objective of conformity with wild standards and the cost-effective production of larvae. In intensive aquaculture, the rearing technique is characterised by high initial larval densities in small tanks under strict hydraulic, thermic, and nutritional conditions. The light conditions are artificial. The temperature and quality of water are controlled. The food is restricted to an unchanging diet of Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia, two live prey that do not even occur in the natural environment of the cultured larvae. In this method, all parameters are potentially limiting and the requisite for success is a highly specific biological knowledge and know-how. When the technical milieu does meet the requirements of the biological demand, the fish must either adapt or die. Even when they adapt they sometimes remain deformed (non marketable) or display poor growth performances. Thus, only few marine species are reared on an industrial scale using intensive culture methods.
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