Flood protection strategies in terms of absolute protection appear to be unattainable, and a shift is needed from technological intervention alone to specific answers led by design. Water management is evolving from a purely technical domain towards a wider territorial issue embedding cultural, economic, and ecological dimensions. In this context landscape architecture is becoming a key discipline. Pamphlet 16 follows the design studio held by Christophe Girot on the city-island of Dordrecht and includes several contributions framing current challenges of flood defense in a wider territorial and interdisciplinary perspective.
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