Heated and unheated outdoor cultures of marine algae with animal manure
De Pauw, N.; Verlet, H.; De Leenheer, L. Jr. (1980). Heated and unheated outdoor cultures of marine algae with animal manure, in: Shelef, G. et al. (Ed.) Algae biomass. pp. 315-341
The feasibility was tested of maintaining long-term semi-continuous or continuous cultures of marine planktonic algae such as Chlorella saccharophila (Krüger) Migula and also algae developing naturally in enriched seawater and which could be suited as food organisms. Diluted aerated swine manure was used as the sole nutrient source for the algae. About 5 liter aerated swine manure per square meter per day x dilution rate per day seemed to satisfy the need of the culture. In view of a possible utilization of thermal effluents, a comparison was made between algal growth in heated and unheated cultures. The experiments were carried out in 250 liter tanks outdoor, equipped with airlift pump. Almost independent of temperature, the algal dry weight product at our latitude (55 1°N), varied between about 0 and 1 and 10 g m-2 d-1 respectively during the winter and summer. With manure, the obtained yields were about 20 to 30% lower than with inorganic fertilizers. This was mainly due to the turbidity of the manure and its changing nitrogen and phosphorus content. Temperature had a distinct influence on the species composition of the cultures. The heated cultures maintained at about 20 to 25°C, always developed Chlorella spp., chlorococcalean algae which are excellent food for the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Müller), itself used to feed fish larvae. In the unheated enriched cultures, maintained at ambient temperatures (in most cases lower than 20°C) small diatoms, mainly Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin and Skeletonema costatum (Grév.) Cleve, developed during the major part of the year. These diatoms are suited to grow shellfish.
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